Probiotics

About Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms that, by the FAO and WHO definition, confer a health benefit when administered in adequate amounts. Common organisms include species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. Proposed mechanisms include competitive exclusion of pathogens, production of antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocins and organic acids, strengthening of the intestinal barrier and modulation of immune responses. The best evidence supports certain strains for preventing antibiotic associated diarrhea, shortening infectious diarrhea in children and reducing necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants, while evidence for irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, allergy and metabolic health is limited or mixed. Effects are strain specific and cannot be generalized. In the United States most probiotics are sold as dietary supplements, so quality and colony forming unit counts vary. Prebiotics such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides feed beneficial bacteria, and synbiotics combine the two.